A small, round indicator that seems on an software icon signifies the presence of unread or new alerts inside that software on units using the Android working system. This visible cue serves as a silent immediate, informing customers of pending actions or data with out the intrusiveness of a full notification banner. For instance, if a person has a number of unread messages inside a messaging software, a small, noticeable marker will seem on the appliance’s icon on the house display or within the app drawer.
The implementation of those visible indicators is essential for enhancing consumer expertise by providing quick and unobtrusive consciousness of pending notifications. This type of notification helps handle data circulation, stopping customers from lacking vital updates and enhancing total gadget usability. Its adoption represents an evolution in notification administration, transferring in the direction of much less disruptive and extra intuitive programs of alerting customers. Traditionally, customers relied solely on notification banners and sounds, which regularly proved intrusive and distracting. This technique permits a extra discreet consciousness.
The following sections will delve deeper into the strategies of controlling and customizing these indicators, exploring how they operate throughout totally different Android variations and gadget producers, and offering troubleshooting steps for addressing frequent points associated to their show and conduct.
1. Visible Alert
The “white dot notification android” inherently capabilities as a visible alert, its major objective being to attract the consumer’s consideration to an software requiring interplay. The presence of the indicator on an software icon signifies pending notifications or actions inside that software. With out this visible ingredient, customers can be solely reliant on actively opening every software to verify for updates, a course of that’s each inefficient and more likely to lead to missed vital data. The causal relationship is direct: the presence of recent or unread content material causes the system to show the visible indicator. Actual-life examples embody the indicator showing on social media purposes when there are new mentions or messages, or on electronic mail purposes indicating the arrival of unread emails. Understanding this connection is of sensible significance as a result of it permits customers to shortly assess the precedence of their consideration and handle their time successfully.
Additional evaluation reveals that the effectiveness of this relies considerably on its visibility and consistency. If the colour, dimension, or place of the indicator is inconsistent throughout totally different purposes or Android variations, customers might wrestle to acknowledge and interpret its which means, diminishing its worth as a visible cue. Producers and software builders are due to this fact obligated to stick to design pointers and preserve a constant visible language to make sure that the alert is quickly identifiable. As an example, if a messaging software’s notification mark is distinctly totally different from the one utilized by a information software, the excellence can impair the consumer’s capacity to shortly verify the significance or sort of knowledge awaiting their consideration. Moreover, distinction in opposition to the appliance icon itself performs a vital position in its total affect.
In abstract, the “white dot notification android” operates basically as a visible alert system designed to boost consumer consciousness of software updates. The effectiveness of this alert hinges on elements comparable to design consistency, visibility, and consumer familiarity. A problem that arises is balancing the necessity for outstanding alerting with the need for minimal visible litter. The indicator system, due to this fact, represents a crucial part of the broader notification ecosystem inside Android, influencing how customers work together with their units and handle data circulation.
2. Software Particular
The performance of the notification indicator is intrinsically application-specific. This implies the indicator’s presence and conduct are dictated by the person software and its implementation of the Android notification system. The reason for the marker showing is instantly linked to an occasion occurring inside the software, comparable to a brand new message, a pending replace, or an incomplete activity. The absence of such occasions inside the software inherently results in the absence of the notification indicator. Contemplate, for instance, a social media software; the marker will solely seem when there are new buddy requests or messages. Conversely, an software with no current exercise won’t show the visible cue. The significance of this application-specific conduct is that it prevents customers from being inundated with irrelevant or non-existent notifications, which tremendously will increase consumer satisfaction. In follow, this granular management enhances the consumer’s capacity to prioritize data. The correct operation of this technique is crucial; if an software fails to accurately implement these notifications, the consumer expertise might be severely degraded.
Additional evaluation reveals that the nuances of “Software Particular” are ruled by the appliance’s programming. Software builders should outline the circumstances below which the notification indicator is triggered, cleared, and up to date. This usually includes defining notification channels and setting guidelines for when an software considers an occasion to be newsworthy sufficient to warrant the indicator. For instance, an electronic mail software may solely present a notification marker for emails from vital contacts, filtering out much less related communications. This stage of customization contributes to a extra environment friendly use of notifications. Moreover, the kind of data proven inside the app has an affect on notifications, which means some apps may additionally implement customized alerts primarily based on consumer preferences.
In abstract, the “white dot notification android” reveals its application-specific nature. This ingredient allows focused and exact supply of notifications. This connection is key to the general utility of the Android notification system, enhancing consumer expertise and environment friendly data administration. Failure on this application-specific implementation results in a much less efficient and presumably extra irritating notification expertise. It permits extra customization and higher use of gadget operate.
3. Consumer Customization
Consumer customization performs a pivotal position in shaping the expertise with notification indicators on Android units. It permits modification of notification behaviors to swimsuit particular person preferences and utilization patterns, enhancing each effectivity and consumer satisfaction.
-
Notification Channel Configuration
Android’s notification channels present a granular stage of management over notification conduct. Customers can regulate settings for particular classes of notifications inside an software, controlling whether or not the indicator seems, its visible look, and its related sounds. For instance, inside a information software, a consumer may disable the indicator for breaking information alerts whereas retaining it for native climate updates. This selective software of notification preferences leads to a extra tailor-made and related expertise.
-
Indicator Visibility Toggle
Some Android implementations and third-party launchers present the power to fully disable the visible indicators on software icons. This feature caters to customers preferring a cleaner residence display look or who discover the indications distracting. As an example, a person may flip off all indicators to attenuate distractions throughout work hours, opting to verify purposes manually at designated intervals. This motion underlines a need for heightened management over data supply.
-
Customized Launcher Implementations
Customized launchers supply enhanced management over the looks and conduct of the Android interface, together with notification indicators. Customers can usually regulate the scale, colour, and placement of the indications, and even change them with different visible cues. One such situation includes a consumer implementing a customized launcher to show a numeric badge indicating the precise variety of unread messages, as a substitute of a generic dot. This permits for a extra informative and visually distinctive alert.
-
App-Particular Settings Override
Whereas purposes outline their default notification behaviors, customers can usually override these settings on the system stage. This permits for constant management throughout all put in purposes, no matter their particular person configurations. For instance, a consumer may globally disable all visible notifications from social media purposes, overriding the app’s default conduct to show the indicator for each new point out. This motion demonstrates proactive administration of digital distractions.
These sides of consumer customization collectively display the ability afforded to the Android consumer in managing notification alerts. By tailoring the conduct of those indicators, people can optimize their gadget utilization to align with their particular wants and preferences. This stage of management contributes considerably to the general consumer expertise and reinforces the adaptability of the Android platform.
4. Android System
The Android working system offers the basic framework inside which the indicator mechanism operates. The conduct of this notification ingredient is inextricably linked to the core functionalities and design rules embedded inside Android itself. With out the underlying help of the system, the indications can be non-existent.
-
Notification Supervisor Service
The Android Programs Notification Supervisor Service is the central authority accountable for dealing with all notifications, together with the show of indicators. Purposes should register their intent to show notifications with this service. The service then manages the presentation of those notifications, guaranteeing they adhere to the system-wide notification insurance policies. With out this service, particular person purposes would lack a standardized technique of alerting the consumer, leading to a chaotic and inconsistent consumer expertise. The Notification Supervisor Service ensures that alerts are introduced in a uniform and manageable method, contributing to the coherence of the Android surroundings.
-
Launcher Integration
The Android System dictates how launchers, the purposes that show the house display and app drawer, combine with the notification system. Launchers are accountable for displaying the indications on the suitable software icons. The Android system offers APIs that permit launchers to question the Notification Supervisor Service for pending notifications. This integration is crucial for the indicator to seem on the house display, offering quick visible suggestions to the consumer. The system determines how the launcher interacts with app icons.
-
Permissions and Safety
The Android System enforces strict permission controls that govern which purposes can show notifications and what sort of knowledge they’ll convey. These permissions are designed to guard consumer privateness and stop malicious purposes from abusing the notification system. For an indicator to seem, the appliance should have the required permissions granted by the consumer. This ensures that customers retain management over the data they obtain, stopping undesirable or intrusive notifications from disrupting their expertise.
-
Background Processes and Battery Optimization
The Android System manages background processes and enforces battery optimization insurance policies that may not directly affect the show of notification indicators. The system may limit an purposes capacity to run within the background or fetch new information, which may delay or stop the show of the indicator. Software builders should rigorously design their purposes to adjust to these insurance policies to make sure that notifications are delivered in a well timed method with out excessively draining the units battery. This interplay underscores the system’s position in balancing notification supply with total gadget efficiency.
These sides of the Android System are crucial to the functioning of indicators. They decide how purposes work together with the notification system, how these indicators are displayed on the house display, what permissions are required, and the way background processes are managed. With out the excellent framework supplied by the Android System, indicators can be unreliable and inconsistent, diminishing their utility as a notification mechanism. The system helps consistency and order.
5. Notification Significance
The idea of notification significance instantly influences the presentation and conduct of the indicator on Android units. The perceived significance of an alert dictates whether or not it warrants a visible indicator, and the way prominently it’s displayed. This prioritization ensures customers should not overwhelmed with trivial data, whereas crucial updates obtain the eye they require.
-
Precedence Ranges
Android defines varied precedence ranges for notifications, starting from low to excessive. The assigned precedence instantly impacts whether or not a visible indicator is displayed and the way prominently it seems. Excessive-priority alerts, comparable to emergency broadcasts or safety alerts, usually tend to set off a extremely seen, persistent indicator. Conversely, low-priority notifications, comparable to promotional presents or non-critical updates, might not set off the indicator in any respect, or could also be displayed extra subtly. This hierarchical system ensures that vital data is prioritized, minimizing the danger of crucial notifications being neglected. An instance is a extreme climate alert showing with a distinct indicator than a promotion for an in-game merchandise.
-
Consumer-Outlined Significance
Customers can customise the significance stage of notifications for particular person purposes and notification channels. This customization permits customers to tailor their notification expertise, guaranteeing they obtain solely the alerts which are related to them. For instance, a consumer may designate notifications from their major electronic mail account as high-priority, whereas downgrading notifications from social media purposes to a decrease stage. This stage of management allows a extra personalised and environment friendly data stream, decreasing the cognitive load related to managing a big quantity of notifications.
-
Contextual Relevance
The Android system considers the consumer’s present context when figuring out the importance of a notification. Alerts which are deemed related to the consumer’s present exercise or location usually tend to be introduced prominently. For instance, a reminder for a gathering scheduled within the consumer’s calendar can be thought of extremely related when the assembly time approaches and the consumer is close to the assembly location. This contextual consciousness ensures that notifications are well timed and pertinent, maximizing their utility and minimizing disruption.
-
Impression on Consumer Conduct
The importance attributed to notifications influences consumer conduct by shaping their interplay with the Android gadget. Excessive-significance alerts usually tend to immediate quick motion, comparable to responding to an pressing message or addressing a crucial safety difficulty. Low-significance notifications, alternatively, usually tend to be deferred or ignored. By rigorously managing the importance of their notifications, customers can optimize their workflow and give attention to the duties which are most vital to them.
The indicator, due to this fact, serves as a visible illustration of notification significance, guiding the consumer’s consideration and shaping their interplay with the Android gadget. Understanding the interaction between these components is essential for each software builders and end-users, enabling them to create and handle a notification expertise that’s each efficient and unobtrusive. A low-significance alert may trigger the dot indicator to be off, whereas a high-significance alert will activate it.
6. Discreet Indication
The “white dot notification android” operates primarily as a discreet indication of pending updates or actions inside an software. Its design and implementation prioritize unobtrusive communication, aiming to tell the consumer with out inflicting undue distraction or interruption. This emphasis on discretion is a core side of its utility inside the Android ecosystem, permitting for a extra seamless integration into the consumer’s workflow.
-
Visible Subtlety
The small dimension and minimalist design of the indicator contribute to its visible subtlety. In contrast to intrusive banner notifications or disruptive sound alerts, the indicator quietly marks the presence of recent data. This method minimizes disruption, permitting customers to stay targeted on their present duties whereas nonetheless being conscious of pending updates. For instance, the indicator’s small dimension avoids obscuring the appliance icon itself, thus sustaining a clear and uncluttered visible interface. This side is of sensible relevance as a result of it permits the unobtrusive supply of knowledge with out overwhelming the consumer with pointless particulars. When designed correctly, it is efficient at signaling to the consumer about new updates or data, which is one among its essential functions.
-
Non-Intrusive Alerting
The indicator’s absence of sound or vibration additional contributes to its non-intrusive nature. Customers are alerted visually, with out the necessity for auditory or tactile stimuli. This method respects the consumer’s surroundings and minimizes disruption to these close by. For instance, in a gathering or quiet setting, the indicator serves as a silent reminder of pending duties, with out inflicting undesirable consideration or disturbances. On this means, customers can select to behave on notifications, making this indicator very helpful in locations the place silence is obligatory.
-
Contextual Consciousness
The show of the indicator is inherently context-aware, showing solely when related updates can be found inside an software. This focused method avoids pointless distractions, guaranteeing that customers are solely alerted when new data is definitely current. For instance, the indicator won’t seem on an software icon if there are not any unread messages or pending updates. This selectivity minimizes the noise of notifications, permitting customers to give attention to probably the most pertinent data. It is usually linked to the truth that it is software particular, as a result of customers count on particular notifications to point out solely when one thing new is current.
-
Lowered Cognitive Load
By offering a easy, visible cue, the indicator reduces the cognitive load related to managing notifications. Customers can shortly scan their residence display for indicators, gaining an outline of pending updates with out having to actively verify every software. This effectivity streamlines the notification administration course of, saving time and decreasing psychological fatigue. For instance, as a substitute of opening every software individually to verify for brand spanking new content material, customers can merely look at their residence display to establish purposes with pending updates. It’s due to this fact a handy instrument for consumer purposes and higher consumer expertise.
These sides of discreet indication collectively display the nuanced design of the “white dot notification android”. By prioritizing visible subtlety, non-intrusive alerting, contextual consciousness, and lowered cognitive load, it offers a helpful and unobtrusive notification mechanism. This method respects the consumer’s consideration and minimizes disruption, guaranteeing that notifications are delivered in a fashion that enhances, reasonably than detracts from, the general consumer expertise, including comfort and fewer psychological fatigue to the consumer.
7. Icon Dependent
The performance of visible alerts is inherently icon dependent. The presence of the indicator is inextricably linked to the appliance icon displayed on the Android interface. The applying icon serves because the anchor level, the visible reference to which the indicator is appended. The indicator will not be a standalone ingredient; it requires an related software icon to convey its which means. The reason for the indicator showing stems from occasions inside the software represented by that particular icon. A direct instance is a social media software icon displaying the alert when there are new notifications. In its absence, the indicator would lack context and objective. The sensible significance of this dependency is that it offers quick visible affiliation, permitting customers to shortly establish the supply of the notification with out requiring them to decipher summary symbols or entry a notification drawer. It creates the understanding that alerts originate from particular purposes.
Additional evaluation reveals that the traits of the appliance icon considerably affect the notion and effectiveness of the alert. The dimensions, form, and colour of the icon affect the visibility and prominence of the notification. A poorly designed icon can obscure the alert or make it tough to differentiate, diminishing its utility. Conversely, a well-designed icon enhances the visibility and recognizability of the alert, enhancing its effectiveness in capturing the consumer’s consideration. If the colour is just too just like the alert itself it will degrade the consumer expertise. Moreover, the icon’s placement on the display, inside folders or on the house display, may affect its accessibility and affect. For instance, transferring often checked purposes to a major location on the house display makes it simpler to see and acknowledge the alert. In that respect it permits a extra environment friendly consumer expertise.
In abstract, the visible notification operates as an icon-dependent alerting system. The alert is instantly linked to, and reliant upon, the appliance icon for its operate and intelligibility. Understanding this dependency is essential for each software builders and customers, enabling them to optimize the design and group of the Android interface for environment friendly notification administration. The alert’s effectiveness is optimized when designed contemplating the design of the purposes icon.
8. Conduct Management
Conduct management, within the context of visible notification, encompasses the mechanisms by which customers and software builders can modify the presentation and performance of this indicator on Android units. These controls dictate below what circumstances the indicator seems, how it’s displayed, and what actions set off its removing. With out such management, the notification system can be a uniform, unyielding assemble, failing to accommodate various consumer preferences or the precise wants of particular person purposes. The trigger for enabling or disabling visible notifications relies on consumer configurations. This behavioral configuration permits customers to customise notifications primarily based on significance. An actual-life instance features a consumer disabling visible alerts for a social media software to scale back distractions, whereas retaining them for crucial communication channels, like electronic mail or messaging apps. The sensible significance lies in empowering customers to tailor their notification expertise, minimizing data overload and maximizing give attention to related content material.
Additional evaluation reveals that conduct management is achieved via a mix of Android system settings, application-specific configurations, and third-party instruments. Android offers notification channels, permitting customers to granularly handle alerts from particular person purposes. Purposes, in flip, can outline default notification behaviors, comparable to precedence ranges and sound settings, which customers can then override. Third-party launchers usually supply further customization choices, comparable to modifying the looks and placement of notification indicators. Contemplate the situation the place an software persistently sends low-priority notifications that set off the visible indicator; the consumer, discovering these notifications disruptive, can both disable the indicator for that software or decrease the precedence of its notifications inside the Android system settings. Such an motion represents a proactive method to managing notification circulation and sustaining a targeted digital surroundings.
In abstract, conduct management is an indispensable part of the visible alert system, enabling customers and builders to form the notification expertise to satisfy their particular person wants. Challenges stay in balancing the need for granular management with the necessity for simplicity and value. The continuing evolution of Android’s notification system displays a seamless effort to optimize conduct management, guaranteeing that visible indicators function informative and unobtrusive instruments for managing digital data. With out using conduct management a adverse affect can be seen on using the units.
9. Accessibility
The correlation between accessibility and the visible marker is crucial in guaranteeing that people with various skills can successfully work together with the Android working system. The design and implementation of this ingredient considerably affect the usability of the gadget for customers with visible impairments, cognitive disabilities, or different accessibility wants. A poorly carried out system may exclude people from important data, whereas a well-designed system can improve their capacity to navigate and make the most of the gadget’s capabilities.
-
Colour Distinction and Visibility
The distinction between the colour of the visible alert and the underlying software icon is essential for customers with low imaginative and prescient. Inadequate distinction can render the indicator invisible, successfully excluding these people from receiving vital notifications. The dimensions of the alert relative to the icon additionally influences its visibility. As an example, if the appliance icon is darkish, the visible cue needs to be carried out utilizing a high-contrast colour. Equally, if the icon’s design consists of quite a few small components, the visible alert needs to be made bigger to make sure it’s readily seen. Failure to adequately deal with distinction and dimension necessities constitutes a major barrier to accessibility. An actual-world instance can be making the dot inexperienced or crimson whether it is recognized {that a} important quantity of customers have a colour blindess dysfunction that will not be capable to differentiate a white dot.
-
Various Notification Strategies
Relying solely on visible cues excludes people with extreme visible impairments. Offering different notification strategies, comparable to auditory alerts or haptic suggestions, is crucial for guaranteeing these customers have equitable entry to data. Along side display readers can convert textual content and interface components into spoken output, permitting customers to navigate the Android interface utilizing auditory cues. Implementing customizable vibration patterns can additional differentiate varied sorts of alerts, offering tactile suggestions that dietary supplements or replaces visible indicators. A display reader is most vital to the accessibility of cellular units.
-
Customization Choices
Providing customers the power to customise the scale, colour, and placement of the notification permits for particular person preferences and accessibility wants. Some people might profit from a bigger visible to extend visibility, whereas others might choose a distinct colour scheme to enhance distinction. Offering a variety of choices ensures that customers can tailor the notification to their particular necessities. On this means, some customers might wish to change the indicator with a quantity representing the precise quantity of recent notifications in order that they’re conscious of precisely what number of notifications are awaiting their reviewal.
-
Compatibility with Assistive Applied sciences
The implementation of the Android system needs to be designed to be appropriate with assistive applied sciences, comparable to display readers and swap entry units. This requires adhering to established accessibility requirements and guaranteeing that the notification could be programmatically accessed by these applied sciences. Failure to make sure compatibility with assistive applied sciences successfully denies people with disabilities equal entry to the system’s notification capabilities. Purposes needs to be designed in a means that can be utilized by everybody via compatibility.
The accessibility of the indicator will not be merely a matter of comfort; it’s a basic requirement for guaranteeing that every one people, no matter their skills, can absolutely take part within the digital world. The elements outlined above collectively underscore the significance of prioritizing accessibility within the design and implementation of this notification system. The usage of accessibility elements permits for inclusivity.
Regularly Requested Questions
This part addresses frequent questions concerning the notification indicators on Android units, offering readability on their performance and administration.
Query 1: What exactly does the indicator signify on an Android gadget?
The presence of the notification on an software icon denotes pending, unread, or new data inside that software. It serves as a visible cue, prompting the consumer to analyze the appliance for updates.
Query 2: Is it potential to disable the visible alerts?
Sure, the power to disable the visible indicator is usually accessible via the Android system settings or inside the settings of particular person purposes. The precise technique can differ relying on the Android model and gadget producer.
Query 3: How can the looks of the notification visible be personalized?
The extent of customization varies. Some Android launchers and gadget producers supply choices to regulate the scale, colour, and placement of the indications. Particular person purposes might present some customization via their notification channel settings.
Query 4: Does the indicator have an effect on gadget efficiency or battery life?
The affect on gadget efficiency and battery life is mostly minimal. The indicator itself consumes negligible sources. Nonetheless, the background processes related to producing the underlying notifications can have a extra important affect.
Query 5: Can the absence of the notification visible point out an issue?
Sure, if the visible alerts should not showing as anticipated, this may occasionally point out a difficulty with notification settings, software permissions, or system-level configurations. Troubleshooting steps usually contain checking these settings and guaranteeing the appliance has the required permissions.
Query 6: Are third-party purposes required to handle the indicator?
Third-party purposes should not strictly required. The indicator performance is mostly supported by the Android system and particular person purposes. Nonetheless, third-party launchers might supply enhanced customization choices or different notification administration options.
In abstract, the understanding and administration of this notification ingredient are crucial for optimizing the Android consumer expertise. Correct configuration ensures that customers obtain well timed updates with out being overwhelmed by pointless data.
The following part will present troubleshooting steps for frequent points associated to the looks and performance of the indicator.
White Dot Notification Android
This part offers sensible steering for optimizing the visible alerts, guaranteeing they improve reasonably than detract from the Android consumer expertise.
Tip 1: Prioritize Notification Channels: Make the most of Android’s notification channels to categorize alerts from particular person purposes. Assign various ranges of significance to various kinds of notifications, guaranteeing that solely crucial updates set off the visible. This minimizes distractions from much less important alerts.
Tip 2: Customise Visible Look: Discover customization choices supplied by Android launchers or gadget producers to regulate the indicator’s dimension, colour, or form. Optimizing the visible look can enhance its visibility and scale back eye pressure.
Tip 3: Handle Software Permissions: Overview and limit software permissions associated to notifications. Stopping purposes from displaying pointless alerts can decrease the frequency of indicator appearances, decreasing data overload.
Tip 4: Implement Do Not Disturb Mode: Leverage Android’s “Do Not Disturb” mode to suppress notifications throughout particular occasions, comparable to conferences or sleep hours. This ensures that the visible doesn’t disrupt focus or relaxation.
Tip 5: Make the most of Notification Summarization: Make use of options that summarize a number of notifications right into a single alert. This reduces litter and minimizes the frequency with which the indicator seems for particular person updates.
Tip 6: Usually Overview Notification Settings: Periodically look at and regulate notification settings for put in purposes. As utilization patterns change, adapting the notification configuration can preserve optimum effectivity and decrease distractions.
Tip 7: Exploit Adaptive Notifications: Leverage Android’s adaptive notification options, which study consumer preferences over time and robotically regulate notification conduct. This permits the system to intelligently prioritize alerts, optimizing the show.
Implementing the following tips facilitates a extra streamlined and targeted Android expertise. By actively managing notifications, customers can decrease distractions and maximize productiveness.
The next concludes this exploration of the visible on Android units, summarizing key issues for its efficient use.
Conclusion
The previous dialogue has detailed the multifaceted nature of the “white dot notification android” ingredient. It has outlined its operate as a visible cue, its application-specific conduct, the diploma of consumer customization permitted, its reliance on the Android system, its notification significance, its discreet indication properties, its icon dependence, its inherent conduct controls, and its accessibility implications. The intent has been to offer a complete understanding of the system’s position within the broader context of cellular working system performance.
Efficient administration of this notification mechanism is essential for optimizing consumer expertise and sustaining a productive digital surroundings. Continued consciousness of the issues outlined herein will allow a extra knowledgeable method to notification administration, contributing to elevated effectivity and decreased digital distraction. The potential for ongoing refinement of this technique warrants additional statement and evaluation to make sure its continued relevance and effectiveness in an evolving technological panorama.
