The phrase “como bajar la model de android en tc21 zebra” interprets to “the way to downgrade the Android model on a TC21 Zebra machine.” This refers back to the strategy of reverting a Zebra TC21 cell laptop to a earlier model of the Android working system. An instance situation would contain a person experiencing incompatibility points with a brand new software program replace and needing to return to a extra steady, prior Android construct.
The power to revert to an older Android model on the TC21 Zebra could be essential for sustaining machine stability and utility compatibility. Downgrading could be vital if a brand new working system model introduces bugs, efficiency degradation, or prevents important functions from functioning appropriately. Traditionally, organizations have employed downgrading as a troubleshooting step, particularly in enterprise environments the place machine reliability immediately impacts productiveness and operational effectivity. It is a mechanism to make sure continuity and decrease disruption brought on by unexpected software program points.
The next info will element the potential challenges and issues related to downgrading the Android working system on a Zebra TC21 machine, outlining the mandatory precautions and offering an outline of the overall process.
1. Firmware Compatibility
Firmware compatibility is a central determinant when contemplating the way to downgrade the Android model on a TC21 Zebra machine. The interplay between the {hardware} and software program is dictated by the firmware, and trying to put in an incompatible model can result in machine malfunction or full failure.
-
{Hardware} Restrictions
Sure {hardware} revisions of the TC21 Zebra machine might solely be appropriate with particular Android variations. Putting in firmware designed for a special {hardware} configuration can render important elements, such because the barcode scanner or Wi-Fi module, inoperable. Failure to stick to {hardware} limitations may result in the machine turning into unusable.
-
Bootloader Constraints
The bootloader, chargeable for initiating the working system, might impose limitations on the Android variations that may be put in. Downgrading to a model requiring an older bootloader could also be unimaginable if the machine has been up to date with a more moderen, incompatible bootloader. Makes an attempt to bypass this restriction carry important danger of completely damaging the machine.
-
Driver Dependencies
Android variations require particular driver units to interface with the TC21 Zebra’s {hardware} elements. Older Android variations would possibly lack the mandatory drivers for newer {hardware} revisions, resulting in instability or non-functional peripherals. Conversely, newer Android variations might not embrace drivers for older {hardware} iterations, inflicting related points.
-
Zebra LifeGuard Assist
Zebra’s LifeGuard program gives safety updates and assist for particular Android variations on their gadgets. Downgrading to an unsupported model eliminates entry to those essential safety patches, doubtlessly exposing the machine and community to vulnerabilities. This lack of assist is usually a essential safety danger in enterprise deployments.
In conclusion, assessing firmware compatibility is non-negotiable when contemplating the way to downgrade the Android OS on a TC21 Zebra machine. It’s essential to seek the advice of Zebra’s official documentation and assist sources to confirm the supported Android variations for the particular TC21 mannequin and {hardware} revision. Disregarding compatibility necessities can lead to machine failure and potential safety compromises.
2. Information backup
Information backup constitutes an indispensable part of the method to downgrade the Android model on a TC21 Zebra machine. The inherent danger of knowledge loss throughout firmware flashing necessitates a complete backup technique. The act of downgrading typically entails wiping the machine’s inner storage, thus eradicating all user-installed functions, settings, and private recordsdata. A failure to safe a backup earlier than initiating the downgrade will consequence within the everlasting lack of this info.
The influence of neglecting knowledge backup could be substantial, notably in enterprise environments. Contemplate a situation the place a TC21 Zebra machine used for stock administration in a warehouse is downgraded with out prior backup. The operator would lose essential stock knowledge, machine configurations, and customized utility settings, leading to operational downtime and doubtlessly important monetary losses. Conversely, a diligent backup utilizing Zebra’s StageNow or an analogous MDM answer earlier than the downgrade would permit for a swift restoration of the machine’s state, minimizing disruption and preserving knowledge integrity.
In conclusion, knowledge backup just isn’t merely a precautionary step however a basic requirement when performing the process on the TC21 Zebra. Using acceptable backup strategies, verifying the integrity of the backup, and understanding the implications of knowledge loss are essential for a profitable and non-disruptive transition to a earlier Android model. The absence of a dependable backup technique can rework a routine downgrade right into a expensive and time-consuming restoration effort.
3. Zebra Assist Utilities
Zebra assist utilities play a essential position within the execution of “como bajar la model de android en tc21 zebra” by offering the mandatory instruments and frameworks for managing the machine’s working system and related configurations. These utilities streamline the downgrade course of, mitigate potential dangers, and guarantee machine stability post-downgrade.
-
StageNow
StageNow serves as a complete staging instrument that may be instrumental in backing up machine configurations and deploying customized settings after the downgrade. For instance, earlier than initiating the downgrade, StageNow can seize current Wi-Fi profiles, utility configurations, and safety settings. Put up-downgrade, these settings could be reapplied to the TC21, guaranteeing a constant and purposeful machine atmosphere. With out StageNow, guide reconfiguration of every machine could be vital, rising the danger of errors and considerably extending the deployment timeline.
-
LifeGuard for Android
LifeGuard for Android gives important safety updates and patch administration capabilities. Though downgrading might contain reverting to a model with older safety patches, understanding LifeGuard’s assist matrix is essential. Organizations can leverage LifeGuard to evaluate the safety implications of downgrading and to determine accessible safety patches for the goal Android model. Ignoring LifeGuard’s steering may result in deploying a weak machine, doubtlessly compromising delicate knowledge or community safety.
-
Zebra Restoration Utilities
Within the occasion of a failed downgrade, Zebra restoration utilities present a mechanism to revive the TC21 machine to a purposeful state. These utilities typically contain flashing a restoration picture to the machine through USB, permitting for a clear reinstallation of the working system. With out entry to those restoration instruments, a failed downgrade may render the machine unusable, necessitating expensive repairs or replacements.
-
ADB (Android Debug Bridge)
ADB is a flexible command-line instrument that permits direct communication with the TC21 machine. Whereas not a Zebra-specific utility, ADB is ceaselessly used at the side of Zebra’s instruments to carry out superior duties resembling sideloading firmware recordsdata or executing customized scripts. A technician expert in ADB can leverage this instrument to exactly management the downgrade course of and troubleshoot potential points. Nevertheless, improper use of ADB can even result in machine instability, requiring cautious execution and a radical understanding of its capabilities.
These utilities collectively empower directors to successfully handle the complexities related to “como bajar la model de android en tc21 zebra.” By leveraging instruments like StageNow for configuration administration, LifeGuard for safety assessments, and restoration utilities for error dealing with, organizations can decrease the dangers and guarantee a clean transition to a earlier Android model on their TC21 Zebra gadgets.
4. Downgrade course of dangers
The execution of “como bajar la model de android en tc21 zebra” inherently entails dangers that should be totally understood and thoroughly mitigated. These dangers can vary from minor inconveniences to finish machine failure, considerably impacting operational effectivity and incurring substantial prices. A proactive method to danger evaluation and administration is subsequently essential for a profitable downgrade process.
-
Gadget Bricking
Gadget bricking represents essentially the most extreme danger related to downgrading. It refers to rendering the TC21 Zebra machine fully unusable as a result of firmware corruption or incompatibility. This may happen if the downgrade course of is interrupted, if the inaccurate firmware is used, or if underlying {hardware} limitations usually are not correctly thought-about. A bricked machine usually requires specialised restore or substitute, leading to important downtime and monetary loss. For example, a producing facility counting on TC21 gadgets for essential manufacturing monitoring would expertise extreme disruption if a number of gadgets had been bricked throughout an tried downgrade.
-
Information Loss
Whereas knowledge backup is a really helpful precaution, the downgrade course of itself carries the inherent danger of knowledge loss. Even with a backup, knowledge corruption or incomplete restoration can happen. This can lead to the lack of essential enterprise knowledge, resembling stock info, buyer information, or configuration settings. An instance could be a retail retailer dropping gross sales knowledge and pricing configurations after a failed downgrade, resulting in pricing errors and inaccurate stock counts.
-
Safety Vulnerabilities
Downgrading to an older Android model might reintroduce safety vulnerabilities that had been addressed in subsequent updates. Older working techniques might lack essential safety patches, making the machine prone to malware, knowledge breaches, and different safety threats. Contemplate a logistics firm downgrading its TC21 gadgets to an older, weak Android model, thereby exposing delicate cargo knowledge and buyer info to potential cyberattacks.
-
Utility Incompatibility
Sure functions will not be appropriate with older Android variations. Downgrading can lead to the lack of performance for essential enterprise functions, impacting productiveness and operational effectivity. For instance, a healthcare supplier downgrading its TC21 gadgets would possibly discover that its digital well being report (EHR) utility not features appropriately, hindering affected person care and administrative processes.
These dangers underscore the significance of meticulous planning, thorough testing, and adherence to finest practices when enterprise “como bajar la model de android en tc21 zebra.” Organizations should rigorously weigh the potential advantages of downgrading towards the inherent dangers, guaranteeing that acceptable safeguards are in place to mitigate these dangers and decrease potential disruptions.
5. Restoration choices
Restoration choices are intrinsically linked to the method of downgrading the Android working system on a TC21 Zebra machine. The inherent dangers concerned in firmware manipulation necessitate strong restoration mechanisms to mitigate potential failures and guarantee machine operability.
-
Manufacturing unit Reset/Wipe Information
The manufacturing facility reset possibility gives a baseline restoration technique by reverting the TC21 Zebra to its authentic manufacturing facility settings. This process wipes all person knowledge and put in functions, successfully returning the machine to its preliminary state. Within the context of a failed downgrade, a manufacturing facility reset can generally resolve software program conflicts and restore a minimal degree of performance. For example, if a corrupted downgrade prevents the machine from booting totally, a manufacturing facility reset would possibly permit entry to the restoration menu for additional troubleshooting. Nevertheless, a manufacturing facility reset alone might not all the time be enough to get better from a severely corrupted firmware picture.
-
Zebra Restoration Mode
Zebra gadgets typically incorporate a devoted restoration mode accessible by way of particular key mixtures throughout boot. This mode gives superior restoration choices, together with the power to flash new firmware photographs or carry out extra in depth knowledge wipes. If an ordinary manufacturing facility reset fails, the Zebra restoration mode affords a stronger instrument for restoring the machine. For instance, a technician would possibly use restoration mode to put in a known-good firmware picture onto a TC21 machine that was bricked throughout a failed downgrade try.
-
ADB Sideloading
ADB (Android Debug Bridge) sideloading permits the set up of firmware packages from a pc through a USB connection. This technique is especially helpful when the machine can not boot usually or when entry to the machine’s inner storage is proscribed. In a downgrade situation, ADB sideloading could be employed to manually flash a restoration picture or a full firmware bundle, bypassing the usual downgrade course of. For instance, if a tool’s over-the-air replace mechanism is compromised throughout a downgrade, ADB sideloading affords an alternate route for restoring a purposeful working system.
-
Exterior SD Card Restoration
Some restoration procedures contain using an exterior SD card containing a restoration picture or firmware bundle. This technique gives a handy method to restore the machine with out requiring a pc connection. In conditions the place a TC21 Zebra machine is unable to connect with a community or a pc, an SD card containing the mandatory restoration recordsdata could be inserted, and the machine could be booted into restoration mode to provoke the restoration course of. This method is especially useful in distant discipline deployments the place entry to technical assist or specialised gear could also be restricted.
These restoration choices collectively present a layered protection towards the potential pitfalls of the “como bajar la model de android en tc21 zebra” course of. The supply and effectiveness of every possibility rely upon the severity of the failure and the technical experience of the operator. An intensive understanding of those restoration mechanisms is crucial for guaranteeing the profitable restoration of a TC21 Zebra machine after a failed downgrade try.
6. Android safety patches
Android safety patches characterize a essential aspect when contemplating “como bajar la model de android en tc21 zebra.” These patches are periodic software program updates launched by Google (and infrequently custom-made by machine producers like Zebra) to deal with vulnerabilities found throughout the Android working system. Understanding their relevance is paramount, as downgrading to an older model inherently entails reverting to a state with doubtlessly unpatched safety flaws.
-
Vulnerability Reintroduction
Downgrading to a previous Android model virtually inevitably reintroduces recognized safety vulnerabilities that had been addressed in subsequent safety patches. For instance, if a essential vulnerability affecting Bluetooth connectivity was patched in Android 11, downgrading a TC21 Zebra machine to Android 10 would expose it to this vulnerability, doubtlessly permitting unauthorized entry or knowledge breaches. The severity of the reintroduction is immediately proportional to the variety of patches launched after the goal downgrade model.
-
Compliance and Regulatory Implications
Many industries and regulatory our bodies mandate using gadgets with up-to-date safety patches to guard delicate knowledge. Downgrading a TC21 Zebra machine can result in non-compliance with these rules, doubtlessly leading to fines, authorized repercussions, or lack of certifications. For instance, a logistics firm dealing with protected well being info (PHI) might violate HIPAA rules by downgrading to an Android model with recognized vulnerabilities, thereby failing to adequately safeguard affected person knowledge.
-
Assault Floor Enlargement
Older Android variations, by definition, have a bigger assault floor in comparison with their newer counterparts. Which means that there are extra recognized and doubtlessly unknown vulnerabilities that malicious actors can exploit. Downgrading successfully expands the assault floor, rising the danger of profitable assaults. Contemplate a situation the place a fee processing utility on a TC21 Zebra machine is focused by malware exploiting a vulnerability current within the downgraded Android model. The compromised machine may then be used to steal bank card info or disrupt fee transactions.
-
LifeGuard Assist Concerns
Zebra’s LifeGuard program gives ongoing safety updates and assist for particular Android variations on their gadgets. Downgrading to an Android model not supported by LifeGuard implies that the machine won’t obtain any additional safety patches from Zebra, leaving it more and more weak over time. For example, a warehousing operation counting on TC21 gadgets downgraded to an unsupported Android model could be unable to profit from LifeGuard’s well timed safety fixes, making the gadgets and the community they connect with prone to rising threats.
The connection between Android safety patches and “como bajar la model de android en tc21 zebra” is inextricably linked to the idea of danger administration. Whereas downgrading could also be thought-about for compatibility or efficiency causes, the safety implications can’t be ignored. An intensive evaluation of the vulnerabilities launched by downgrading, the compliance necessities of the working atmosphere, and the supply of ongoing safety assist are essential earlier than making a call. In lots of instances, the safety dangers related to downgrading outweigh the potential advantages, necessitating various options or mitigation methods.
7. License implications
The method of downgrading the Android working system on a TC21 Zebra machine, often known as “como bajar la model de android en tc21 zebra,” can have important license implications. These implications stem from the software program licenses governing the Android OS itself, in addition to any proprietary Zebra software program included on the machine. Understanding these implications is essential to make sure compliance and keep away from potential authorized points.
-
Android Open Supply Mission (AOSP) Licensing
The Android working system is predicated on the Android Open Supply Mission (AOSP), which is licensed beneath the Apache License 2.0. This license grants customers the liberty to make use of, modify, and distribute the Android supply code. Nevertheless, it additionally consists of sure obligations, resembling preserving copyright notices and disclaimers. When downgrading, it is important to make sure that the modifications made to the Android system, if any, adjust to the phrases of the Apache License 2.0. Failure to take action may lead to copyright infringement claims. For instance, if customized modifications are made to the Android framework throughout the downgrade course of and distributed with out adhering to the license phrases, it may result in authorized problems.
-
Zebra Proprietary Software program Licenses
Zebra gadgets typically embrace proprietary software program elements, resembling machine drivers, barcode scanning libraries, and administration instruments. These elements are usually licensed beneath particular phrases and circumstances that prohibit their use, modification, and distribution. Downgrading the Android model might have an effect on the performance of those proprietary elements and doubtlessly violate the phrases of their licenses. Contemplate a situation the place a downgraded TC21 Zebra machine requires older drivers which can be not coated beneath the present license settlement. Utilizing these drivers may represent a breach of contract and expose the group to authorized legal responsibility.
-
Google Cellular Companies (GMS) Licensing
Google Cellular Companies (GMS), which embrace apps just like the Google Play Retailer, Gmail, and Chrome, are licensed individually from AOSP. The GMS license is often granted to machine producers who meet Google’s compatibility necessities. Downgrading the Android model might influence GMS compatibility and doubtlessly invalidate the GMS license. This might consequence within the lack of entry to Google apps and companies on the downgraded machine. For example, a downgraded TC21 Zebra machine that not meets Google’s compatibility requirements could also be unable to entry the Google Play Retailer, limiting its performance and utility availability.
-
Finish-Consumer License Agreements (EULAs)
The act of downgrading would possibly violate the Finish-Consumer License Agreements (EULAs) related to the working system or pre-installed functions. These agreements typically stipulate acceptable use instances and should prohibit modifications or alterations to the software program. By downgrading, customers could also be breaching the phrases of the EULA, doubtlessly voiding warranties or incurring authorized penalties. For instance, if the EULA for the Android OS specifies that customers should preserve the most recent model of the software program, downgrading may very well be thought-about a violation, resulting in the termination of assist companies or authorized motion.
In abstract, the license implications of “como bajar la model de android en tc21 zebra” are multifaceted and require cautious consideration. Organizations should guarantee compliance with AOSP, Zebra’s proprietary software program licenses, GMS agreements, and EULAs to keep away from authorized points and preserve the integrity of their software program ecosystem. Failure to deal with these license implications can result in important monetary and operational dangers. Previous to initiating a downgrade, a radical authorized evaluation and session with Zebra’s assist workforce are really helpful to mitigate these dangers.
8. Gadget guarantee
The act of downgrading the Android working system on a TC21 Zebra machine (“como bajar la model de android en tc21 zebra”) ceaselessly introduces problems regarding the machine’s guarantee. The guarantee, a producer’s assure towards defects in supplies and workmanship, usually outlines particular circumstances beneath which restore or substitute companies are offered. Enterprise unauthorized modifications to the machine’s software program, together with downgrading the working system, can void this guarantee. It is because such modifications might introduce instability, incompatibility, or safety vulnerabilities that the producer can’t be held chargeable for addressing. For instance, if a TC21 Zebra machine experiences {hardware} failure after a person has downgraded the Android OS with out following Zebra’s official procedures, the next restore prices will not be coated beneath the unique guarantee settlement.
The particular phrases and circumstances of the guarantee settlement dictate the extent to which downgrading the working system impacts protection. Some warranties explicitly state that unauthorized software program modifications void the guarantee, whereas others could also be much less express, leaving room for interpretation. It’s essential to seek the advice of the machine’s guarantee documentation and any supplemental info offered by Zebra earlier than initiating a downgrade. Moreover, it’s advisable to contact Zebra’s technical assist workforce to inquire concerning the guarantee implications of downgrading and to find out if there are any licensed procedures that might not invalidate the guarantee. Zebra might supply authorized strategies for downgrading the working system, typically involving particular instruments and firmware photographs which can be designed to keep up machine stability and guarantee eligibility.
In abstract, the connection between the machine guarantee and “como bajar la model de android en tc21 zebra” is one in every of potential battle. Whereas downgrading could also be fascinating for compatibility or efficiency causes, it will possibly concurrently jeopardize the machine’s guarantee protection. Earlier than continuing with a downgrade, a radical evaluation of the guarantee phrases and session with Zebra’s assist workforce are important to mitigate the danger of voiding the guarantee and incurring sudden restore prices. Prioritizing adherence to Zebra’s official procedures, if accessible, is paramount for preserving guarantee eligibility whereas addressing particular operational necessities.
Regularly Requested Questions Relating to Android Downgrading on Zebra TC21 Units
This part addresses widespread queries and misconceptions surrounding the method of downgrading the Android working system on Zebra TC21 cell computer systems. The data offered goals to make clear potential points and information knowledgeable decision-making.
Query 1: Does downgrading the Android model on a TC21 Zebra robotically void the machine guarantee?
The influence on the machine guarantee will depend on the particular phrases outlined within the guarantee settlement and whether or not the downgrade is carried out utilizing formally supported strategies. Unauthorized downgrading might invalidate the guarantee, whereas following Zebra-approved procedures would possibly protect it. Session with Zebra assist is suggested previous to initiating the downgrade.
Query 2: Is it doable to downgrade to any earlier Android model on a TC21 Zebra machine?
Compatibility constraints dictate the possible downgrade choices. {Hardware} limitations, bootloader restrictions, and driver dependencies might stop downgrading to sure Android variations. Reviewing Zebra’s official documentation and compatibility matrices is crucial to determine supported variations.
Query 3: What are the first dangers related to downgrading the Android model?
Important dangers embrace machine bricking (rendering the machine unusable), knowledge loss, reintroduction of safety vulnerabilities, and utility incompatibility. Meticulous planning, knowledge backup, and adherence to finest practices are essential to mitigate these dangers.
Query 4: How does Zebra’s LifeGuard program have an effect on the choice to downgrade?
LifeGuard gives ongoing safety updates and assist for particular Android variations. Downgrading to an unsupported model eliminates entry to those essential safety patches, doubtlessly exposing the machine and the community to vulnerabilities. This necessitates a cautious danger evaluation.
Query 5: What Zebra assist utilities are important for a profitable downgrade?
StageNow facilitates machine configuration and backup. Restoration utilities supply mechanisms to revive the machine in case of a failed downgrade. ADB (Android Debug Bridge) permits superior command-line operations. Utilizing these instruments strategically can enhance the downgrade course of.
Query 6: Are there license implications associated to downgrading the Android model?
Downgrading might have an effect on compliance with Android Open Supply Mission (AOSP) licensing, Zebra’s proprietary software program licenses, Google Cellular Companies (GMS) licensing, and Finish-Consumer License Agreements (EULAs). It’s essential to make sure that the downgrade course of doesn’t violate any of those agreements.
Key takeaways emphasize cautious planning, knowledge safety, and consciousness of each potential advantages and inherent dangers. Adhering to official Zebra tips and totally understanding the license and guarantee implications are paramount for a profitable and compliant downgrade course of.
The next article part will discover various options to think about if downgrading presents unacceptable dangers or challenges.
Important Concerns Earlier than Downgrading Android on a Zebra TC21
Earlier than initiating the process to revert the Android working system on a Zebra TC21 machine, a collection of essential components should be meticulously examined to reduce potential disruptions and guarantee machine operability.
Tip 1: Confirm Firmware Compatibility: Previous to any motion, confirm that the focused Android model is explicitly supported by the particular TC21 {hardware} revision. Make use of Zebra’s official compatibility documentation to substantiate this alignment. Failure to take action might result in machine malfunction.
Tip 2: Conduct a Full Information Backup: Carry out a complete knowledge backup encompassing all essential knowledge, configurations, and utility settings. Leverage Zebra’s StageNow instrument or a comparable cell machine administration (MDM) answer for this function. The absence of an entire backup exposes essential knowledge to everlasting loss.
Tip 3: Assess Safety Implications: Acknowledge that downgrading invariably reintroduces recognized safety vulnerabilities. Consider the influence on knowledge safety and regulatory compliance, and take into account implementing compensating controls to mitigate these vulnerabilities. Insufficient safety posture can expose the machine and community to exploitation.
Tip 4: Assessment Utility Compatibility: Affirm that every one important functions are appropriate with the focused Android model. Take a look at essential utility functionalities totally post-downgrade. Utility incompatibility can severely hinder operational effectivity.
Tip 5: Seek the advice of Zebra’s Assist Assets: Earlier than continuing, seek the advice of Zebra’s official assist channels for steering and suggestions. Perceive any recognized points or limitations related to the particular Android model. Zebras assist sources present essential insights into recognized points.
Tip 6: Perceive License Implications: Scrutinize the licensing agreements for the Android working system, Zebra’s proprietary software program, and Google Cellular Companies (GMS). Be sure that the downgrade course of doesn’t violate any licensing phrases. License violations can result in authorized repercussions.
Tip 7: Make clear Guarantee Standing: Decide whether or not downgrading the Android model will void the machine’s guarantee. Contact Zebra assist to make clear the guarantee implications and discover authorized procedures. Guarantee invalidation can lead to uncovered restore prices.
Prioritizing these issues minimizes the dangers related to the Android OS downgrade course of on Zebra TC21 gadgets. A rigorously thought-about method will assist to protect machine performance, safety, and compliance.
The next part will discover various answer when downgrade just isn’t excellent.
Conclusion
The exploration of “como bajar la model de android en tc21 zebra” reveals a posh enterprise laden with potential dangers and important implications. The method necessitates a radical understanding of firmware compatibility, knowledge safety protocols, license agreements, and guarantee issues. Failure to adequately deal with these essential parts can result in machine malfunction, knowledge loss, safety vulnerabilities, and authorized problems.
Organizations considering a downgrade ought to prioritize complete danger evaluation, meticulous planning, and adherence to Zebra’s official tips. The potential advantages of downgrading should be rigorously weighed towards the inherent dangers, with various options explored each time possible. Prioritizing machine safety, knowledge integrity, and regulatory compliance stays paramount within the administration of Zebra TC21 cell gadgets. Search professional session earlier than continuing.
